maps
Early maps
The earliest known world maps date to classical antiquity, the oldest examples of the 6th to 5th centuries BCE still based on the flat Earth paradigm. World maps assuming a spherical Earth first appear in the Hellenistic period. The developments of Greek geography during this time, notably by Eratosthenes and Posidonius culminated in the Roman era, with Ptolemy's world map (2nd century CE), which would remain authoritative throughout the Middle Ages.
Ptolemy's world map, reconstituted from Ptolemy's Geography (circa 150) in the 15th century, indicating "Sinae" (China) at the extreme right, beyond the island of "Taprobane" (Ceylon or Sri Lanka, oversized) and the "Aurea Chersonesus" (Southeast Asian peninsula). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy%27s_world_map
The Lascaux cave paintings are estimated to be 17,300 years old and they also happen to be the oldest identified star map
The Babylonian Map of the World (or Imago Mundi) is a Babylonian clay tablet with a schematic map and two inscriptions written in the Akkadian language. Dated to no earlier than the 9th century BC (with a late 8th or 7th date being more likely), it includes a brief and partially lost textual description. The tablet describes the oldest known depiction of the known world. Ever since its discovery there has been controversy on its general interpretation and specific features. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_Map_of_the_World
As the Crow Flies
Mapping Penny's World
Mapping Sam
Map projections
There are many map projections based on shape, depiction of size, distance or longitude.
The Mercator projection shows rhumbs as straight lines. A rhumb is a course of constant bearing. Bearing is the compass direction of movement. Howev.er the size of the continenets is greatly distorted and placement is eurocentric. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map_projection#Projections_by_surface
Cartography
The fundamental objectives of traditional cartography are to:
Set the map's agenda and select traits of the object to be mapped. This is the concern of map editing. Traits may be physical, such as roads or land masses, or may be abstract, such as toponyms or political boundaries.
Represent the terrain of the mapped object on flat media. This is the concern of map projections.
Eliminate the mapped object's characteristics that are irrelevant to the map's purpose. This is the concern of generalization.
Reduce the complexity of the characteristics that will be mapped. This is also the concern of generalization.
Orchestrate the elements of the map to best convey its message to its audience. This is the concern of map design.
Types of Maps
A topographic map is primarily concerned with the topographic description of a place, including (especially in the 20th and 21st centuries) the use of contour lines showing elevation.
Thematic cartography involves maps of specific geographic themes, oriented toward specific audiences. A couple of examples might be a dot map showing corn production in Indiana or a shaded area map of Ohio counties
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartography#Map_types
Imaginary Maps
Lyras Oxford
Land of Oz
Elements of a Map
Parts of a Map
A "cartouche" is the frame used to highlight and emphasize pieces of text on a map. The text might be the map's title, its place and date of publication, the maker's name, a dedication, or some explanation of the map's features.
A map legend defines features in a map. It simply displays the symbol followed by a text description of what that symbol represents.
A compass rose, sometimes called a wind rose, rose of the winds or compass star, is a figure on a compass, map, nautical chart, or monument used to display the orientation of the cardinal directions (north, east, south, and west) and their intermediate points.
BORDER (or Neatline): a border identifies exactly where the mapped area stops. The border is often the thickest line on the map and should be close to the edges of the mapped area.
Assignment
Must be included
Border or neatline
title
compass rose
Key or legend
scale
Can be included
3 dimensional elements
cartouche
sea monsters
color
Things that affect your grade
creativity
neatness and craftsmanship
inclusion of all required elements
completeness
Type of map to create
A fantasy map of a story based land
A trip your family
A treasure map
Map of hobbies
your own version of the: night sky (constellations) or ocean floor
Migration map
Friendship
Week at camp
Your neighborhood or house
The trip to school
Materials/media available
Paint
Tinfoil
Marker
Pen
Papier mache
Colored pencil
Fabric
Cardboard
collage
Resist (glue pastel or crayon)